Plymouth was founded in 1872 by New England settlers who named it after Plymouth, Massachusetts. When the railroad reached the area in 1884, the entire settlement relocated about three miles to sit on the new line, a common pattern among early Nebraska towns.

Plymouth is an incorporated village with a 2020 Census population of 363, one of the larger villages in the county after Diller, though down from 477 in 2000. Its ZIP code is 68424. The village is served by Tri County Public Schools and also hosts St. Paul's Lutheran School (Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod), reflecting a strong local Lutheran community.